Synthesis of Novel Triazine Charring Agent and Its Effect in Intumescent Flame-Retardant Polypropylene

A novel charring agent (CNCA-DA) containing triazine and benzene ring, using cyanuric chloride, aniline, and ethylenediamine as raw materials, was synthesized and characterized. The effects of CNCA-DA on flame retardancy, thermal degradation, and flammability properties of polypropylene (PP) were investigated by limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and cone calorimeter test (CCT). The TGA results showed that CNCA-DA had a good char forming ability, and a high initial temperature of thermal degradation; the char residue of CNCA-DA reached 18.5% at 800 degrees C; Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) could improve the char residue of APP/CNCA-DA system, the char residue reached 31.6% at 800 degrees C. The results from LOI and UL-94 showed that the intumescent flame retardant (IFR) containing CNCA-DA and APP was very effective in flame retardancy of PP. When the mass ratio of APP and CNCA-DA was 2 : 1, and the IFR loading was 30%, the IFR showed the best effect; the LOI value reached 35.6%. It was also found that when the IFR loading was only 20%, the flame retardancy of PP/IFR can still pass V-0 rating in UL-94 tests, and its LOI value reached 27.1%. The CCT results demonstrated that IFR could clearly change the decomposition behavior of PP and form a char layer on the surface of the composites, consequently resulting in efficient reduction of the flammability parameters, such as heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), total smoke production (TSP), and mass loss (ML). (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 3208-3216, 2012