Synthesis and Characterization of New Benzoxazine-Based Phenolic Resins from Renewable Resources and the Properties of Their Polymers

Two types of novel benzoxazine-based phenolic resins from phenol-furfural (PFB) and cardanol-furfural (CFB) resins had been synthesized and the highly thermally stable polybenzoxazines were obtained by the thermal cure of the corresponding benzoxazine-based phenolic resins. The chemical structure of benzoxazine-based phenolic resins derived from renewable resources was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), H-1 NMR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). FTIR spectrum and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the monomers were thermally initiated and polymerized via ring-opening polymerization. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the incorporation of furan groups could enhance the char yield and thermal stability. However, the long alkyl side chain from cardanol could increase the toughness, while decreasing the char yield and thermal stability. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122:2843-2848, 2011