Journal
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 524-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ncb3134
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Funding
- MRC [MC_UU_12018/5, MC_UP_1205/1, MC_UP_1202/3] Funding Source: UKRI
- Cancer Research UK
- The Francis Crick Institute [10124] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12018/5, MC_UP_1205/1, MC_UP_1202/3] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology (LMCB) [Paluch ERC Research Grant] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_UP_1202/3, MC_UP_1205/1, MC_UU_12018/5] Funding Source: Medline
- Wellcome Trust [098025, WT098025MA] Funding Source: Medline
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When cells move using integrin-based focal adhesions, they pull in the direction of motion with large, similar to 100 Pa, stresses that contract the substrate1. Integrin-mediated adhesions, however, are not required for in vivo confined migration2. During focal adhesion-free migration, the transmission of propelling forces, and their magnitude and orientation, are not understood. Here, we combine theory and experiments to investigate the forces involved in adhesion-free migration. Using a non-adherent blebbing cell line as a model, we show that actin cortex flows drive cell movement through nonspecific substrate friction. Strikingly, the forces propelling the cell forward are several orders of magnitude lower than during focal-adhesion-based motility. Moreover, the force distribution in adhesion-free migration is inverted: it acts to expand, rather than contract, the substrate in the direction of motion. This fundamentally different mode of force transmission may have implications for cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions during migration in vivo.
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