Journal
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
Volume 27, Issue 3, Pages 1109-1119Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10811-014-0428-x
Keywords
Microalgae; Composition; Amino acids; In vitro protein digestibility; Total phenolic content
Funding
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)
- Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)
- National Research Council of Canada (NRCC)
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Proximate, amino acid and elemental composition, total phenolic content (TPC), and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of microalgal biomass were determined. Microalgae contained low to moderate ash (5-17 %), moderate to high carbohydrate (18-46 %), crude protein (18-46 %), high crude lipid (12-48 %), and energy (19-27 MJ kg(-1)). Characteristic of microalgae, non-essential amino acids (AAs), aspartic and glutamic acids, were predominant (20-30 % of protein; 8-12 % of dry weight). Microalgae had favorable essential AA profiles with high essential amino acid (EAA) indices (0.9-1.2). Expressed as g EAA 100 g protein(-1), Porphyridium aerugineum was rich in leucine (11.9), lysine (8.0), arginine (8.6), and tryptophan (3.3); Nannochloropsis granulata (A) in leucine (11.0), lysine (8.5), and tryptophan (2.8); Tetraselmis chuii and Botryococcus braunii in arginine (9.4 and 20.5, respectively); and Phaeodactylum tricornutum in lysine (6.4) and tryptophan (2.6). Mineral compositions (%) were calcium (0.1-3.0), magnesium (0.3-0.7), phosphorous (0.7-1.5), potassium (0.7-2.4), sodium (0.8-2.7), and sulfur (0.4-1.4), and trace element compositions (mg kg(-1)) were copper (18-102), iron (1,395-11,101), manganese (45-454), selenium (0-0.5), and zinc (28-64). Microalgae contained low TPC (6-13 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g(-1) DW), except T. chuii (20 mg GAE g(-1) DW). IVPD was high (> 90 %) for B. braunii (A), P. aerugineum, and lipid-extracted N. granulata (B); mid-range (80-89 %) for P. tricornutum, N. granulata (A), B. braunii (B), Neochloris oleoabundans, T. chuii, and whole N. granulata (B); and lower (< 80 %) for Acutodesmus dimorphus. Microalgal species P. tricornutum, B. braunii, N. granulata, and T. chuii had high protein (40-52 %), IVPD (82-97 %), and digestible protein (35-50 %), comparable to plant proteins used in animal feeds and aquaculture.
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