4.6 Article

Pseudomonas M162 confers protection against rainbow trout fry syndrome by stimulating immunity

Journal

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 113, Issue 1, Pages 24-35

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05325.x

Keywords

biocontrol; ELISA; Flavobacterium psychrophilum; innate immunity; Pseudomonas; siderophore

Funding

  1. Otto A. Malm Foundation
  2. University of Kuopio Foundation
  3. Academy of Finland [130325]
  4. European Community [PIEF-GA-2009-251821]
  5. Academy of Finland (AKA) [130325, 130325] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)

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Aims: To evaluate the antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas M162 against Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Methods and Results: The antagonistic activity of M162 was tested in vivo and in vitro, and its mode of action examined by siderophore production and immunological responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Pseudomonas M162 inhibited the growth of Fl.psychrophilum in vitro and increased the resistance of the fish against the pathogen, resulting in a relative per cent survival (RPS) of 39.2%. However, the siderophores produced by M162 did not have an inhibitory effect on Fl.psychrophilum. In fish fed with M162, the probiotic colonized the gastrointestinal tract and stimulated peripheral blood leucocyte counts, serum lysozyme activity and total serum immunoglobulin levels after 3 weeks from the start of feeding. Conclusions: This study showed the potential of Pseudomonas M162 as a probiotic by reducing the mortalities that occurred during an experimental Fl.psychrophilum infection, resulting mainly through the immunostimulatory effects of the bacterium. Significance and Impact of the Study: Rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS) causes high mortalities during the early life stages of the fishs life cycle, partly because their adaptive immunity has not yet fully developed. Thus, immunomodulation by probiotics could be an effective prophylactic method against RTFS.

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