An Analysis of Near-Surface Winds, Air Temperature, and Cyclone Activity in Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, from 1993 to 2009

In September 2009, the first unmanned aerial vehicles were flown over Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, to collect information regarding air-sea interactions. Prior to the field season, wind and temperature data from a local automatic weather station (AWS) were collected from 1993 to 2007 and compared with an August-October 2006-08 satellite cyclone analysis to place the September 2009 observations into a broader context. AWS wind data revealed a strong tendency toward downslope flow in the region regardless of season, as the majority (55%) of winds were from the west to northwesterly directions. Most winds observed at the site were less than 20 m s(-1), but 83% of the stronger winds were associated with downslope flow. Of 15 strong wind events (greater than 20 m s (1) for more than 10 h) evaluated during the cyclone analysis period, 100% occurred in the presence of a cyclone in the adjacent Ross Sea. Winter experienced the greatest number of strong wind events (68%), and summer had the least (4%). Most temperatures were between -15 degrees and -25 degrees C, with temperatures influenced by wind fluctuations. The cyclone analysis revealed that 64% of systems were comma shaped, and most cyclones (84%) within the Ross Sea were mesocyclones. A comparison of AWS data for Septembers 1993-2007 and September 2009 showed more strong wind events during 2009, while the cyclone analysis revealed a shift in cyclonic activity eastward. Reanalysis data comparing September 1993-2007 and September 2009 show an eastward shift in a deeper upper-level trough, indicating that September 2009 was an anomalous year.