Downslope flows on a low-angle slope and their interactions with valley inversions. Part I: Observations

Thermally driven downslope flows were investigated on a low-angle (1.6) slope on the west side of the floor of Utah's Salt Lake Valley below the Oquirrh Mountains using data from a line of four tethered balloons running down the topographic gradient and separated by about 1 km. The study focused on the evolution of the temperature and wind structure within and above the slope flow layer and its variation with downslope distance. In a typical situation, on clear, undisturbed October nights a 25-m-deep temperature deficit of 7 degrees C and a 100-150-m-deep downslope flow with a jet maximum speed of 5-6 m s(-1) at 10-15 m AGL developed over the slope during the first 2 h following sunset. The jet maximum speed and the downslope volume flux increased with downslope distance. The downslope flows weakened in the late evening as the stronger down-valley flows expanded to take up more of the valley atmosphere and as ambient stability increased in the lower valley with the buildup of a nocturnal temperature inversion. Downslope flows over this low-angle slope were deeper and stronger than has been reported previously by other investigators, who generally investigated steeper slopes and, in many cases, slopes on the sidewalls of isolated mountains where the downslope flows are not subject to the influence of nighttime buildup of ambient stability within valleys.