Journal
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
Volume 65, Issue 9, Pages 1894-1906Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq219
Keywords
glycopeptide drug resistance; mobile elements; horizontal gene transfer; vanA plasmids; poultry
Funding
- Research Council of Norway
- European Commission [QLK2-CT-2002-00843 'ARTRADI', LSHE-CT-2007-037410 'ACE']
- Medical Research Foundation, North-Norway
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To determine the genetic composition of the first VanA-type plasmid (pIP816) reported, which was isolated from a clinical Enterococcus faecium (BM4147) strain in France in 1986, and to reveal the genetic units responsible for the dissemination of the vanA gene cluster by comparisons with current, published and additionally generated vanA-spanning plasmid sequences obtained from a heterogeneous E. faecium strain collection (n = 28). Plasmid sequences were produced by shotgun sequencing using ABI dye chemistry and primer walking, and were subsequently annotated. Comparative sequence analysis of the vanA region was done with published plasmids, with a partial vanA plasmid (pVEF4) reported here and to > 140 kb of sequence obtained from a collection of vanA-harbouring plasmid fragments. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that pIP816 from 1986 and contemporary vanA plasmids shared a conserved genetic fragment of 25 kb, spanning the 10.85 kb vanA cluster encoded by Tn1546, and that the larger unit is present in both clinical and animal complexes of E. faecium. A new group II intron in pVEF4 was characterized. Comparative DNA analyses suggest that Tn1546 disseminates in and between clonal complexes of E. faecium as part of a larger genetic unit, possibly as a composite transposon flanked by IS1216 elements.
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