Journal
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
Volume 91, Issue 4, Pages 1582-1593Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5787
Keywords
feed efficiency; global gene expression; mitochondria; muscle
Categories
Funding
- American Society of Animal Science (ASAS)
- American Dairy Science Association (ADSA)
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)
- Journal of Animal Science
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2002-35206-11653]
- Cobb-Vantress Inc. (Siloam Springs, AR)
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute
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Understanding the cellular basis of feed efficiency (FE) is instrumental to helping poultry and livestock industries continue to provide high-quality protein for an increasingly crowded world. To understand relationships of FE and gene expression, global RNA transcription was investigated in breast muscle obtained from a male broiler line fed the same diet and individually phenotyped for FE. In these studies, RNA samples obtained from broilers that exhibited either high FE (0.65 +/- 0.01) or low FE (0.46 +/- 0.01) were analyzed with an Agilent 44K chicken oligoarray. A 1.3-fold cutoff in expression (30% difference between groups) resulted in 782 genes that were differentially expressed (P < 0.05) in muscle between the high-and low-FE phenotypes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, an online software program, was used to identify genes, gene networks, and pathways associated with the phenotypic expression of FE. The results indicate that the high-FE phenotype exhibited increased expression of genes associated with 1) signal transduction pathways, 2) anabolic activities, and 3) energy-sensing and energy coordination activities, all of which would likely be favorable to cell growth and development. In contrast, the low-FE broiler phenotype exhibited upregulation of genes 1) associated with actin-myosin filaments, cytoskeletal architecture, and muscle fibers and 2) stress-related or stress-responsive genes. Because the low-FE broiler phenotype exhibits greater oxidative stress, it would appear that the low-FE phenotype is the product of inherent gene expression that is modulated by oxidative stress. The results of these studies begin to provide a comprehensive picture of gene expression in muscle, a major organ of energy demand in an animal, associated with phenotypic expression of FE.
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