Characterization of an enriched biochar

Carbonized materials are responsible for maintaining a high level of fertility and soil organic matter in soils such as the Amazonian Dark Earths, also known as Terra Preta. It is hypothesized that an enriched biochar, which will have long term stability similar to Terra Preta, can be synthesized by mixing biochars with manures, minerals and clays and heating the mixture at low temperatures. This treatment will promote bonding between the mineral and the organic phases, which may occur naturally after several years of aging in soil. This paper describes the characterization of an enriched biochar by a range of analytical methods. Examination of the enriched biochar showed that it has high concentrations of exchangeable cations, available phosphorus and high acid neutralizing capacity. Structural analysis of the enriched biochar reveals a microstructure that suggests that bonding has indeed occurred between the biochar and mineral phases. Using natural C-13 abundance and a two-pool exponential model, the half-life of enriched biochar-C was estimated to be 104 years in a clayey soil. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.