The behavior of kraft lignin during thermal treatment

Purified kraft lignin fractions from technical pulping liquors of softwood and hardwood have been subjected to step-wise analytical pyrolysis in the temperature interval 200-900 degrees C. The heterogenic structure of kraft lignin was revealed by the formation of pyrolysis products throughout the entire temperature interval although the majority of products were formed at 500-600 degrees C. Beyond 700 degrees C, no further pyrolysis products could be detected but a substantial portion of the lignin was shown to be converted into thermally stable products (char) not accessible by analytical pyrolysis. With pre-oxidation of the lignin with air at 250 degrees C prior to pyrolysis, a shift towards higher pyrolysis temperature was observed with a concomitant change in product composition. Thermal gravimetric analysis on such lignins also showed an improved stability against degradation. Methylation of the lignin prior to pyrolysis did not induce any significant changes in behavior, except for much lower T-g values. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.