Journal
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
Volume 41, Issue 1, Pages 223-232Publisher
IOS PRESS
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-132063
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; APOE4; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid; L-carnitine
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Funding
- Swedish Brain Power from Sweden
- Gun och Bertil Stohnes Stiftelse from Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet fund for geriatric research from Sweden
- Stiftelsen Gamla Tjanarinnor from Sweden
- Stiftelsen Lars Hiertas Minne from Sweden
- Stiftelsen Dementia from Sweden
- Demensforbundet from Sweden
- Stockholm County Council from Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet from Sweden
- Alzheimerfonden from Sweden
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Increasing evidence suggest that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous disorder that includes several subtypes with different etiology and progression. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is being used to find new biomarkers reflecting the complexity of the pathological pathways within this disease. We used CSF and clinical data from patients to investigate the status of asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine, creatine, suberylglycine, and L-carnitine along AD progression. These molecules play important roles in mitochondrial function and dysfunction in mitochondrial metabolism are involved in AD pathology. We found that non-APOE4 carriers show lower levels of L-carnitine in CSF early in AD. L-carnitine levels correlate with amyloid-beta (A beta) levels and Mini-Mental State Examination score, but do not add to the specificity or sensitivity of the classical AD CSF biomarkers, A beta(42), phospho-tau, and total-tau. Our results suggest APOE genotype-dependent differences in L-carnitine synthesis or metabolism along AD, and insinuate that L-carnitine treatments would be more beneficial for AD patients not carrying the APOE4 isoform.
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