Journal
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages 885-894Publisher
IOS PRESS
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1291
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; amyloid-beta; cystatin C; neurodegeneration; neuroprotection
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Funding
- NIH [AG017617, NS043089]
- Alzheimer's Association [IIRG0759699]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS043089, R56NS043089] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING [P01AG017617] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Multiple studies suggest that cystatin C (CysC) has a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a decrease in CysC secretion is linked to the disease in patients with a polymorphism in the CysC gene. CysC binds amyloid-beta (A beta) and inhibits formation of A beta fibrils and oligomers both in vitro and in mouse models of amyloid deposition. Here we studied the effect of CysC on cultured primary hippocampal neurons and a neuronal cell line exposed to either oligomeric or fibrillar cytotoxic forms of A beta. The extracellular addition of the secreted human CysC together with preformed either oligomeric or fibrillar A beta increased cell survival. While CysC inhibits A beta aggregation, it does not dissolve preformed A beta fibrils or oligomers. Thus, CysC has multiple protective effects in AD, by preventing the formation of the toxic forms of A beta and by direct protection of neuronal cells from A beta toxicity. Therapeutic manipulation of CysC levels, resulting in slightly higher concentrations than physiological could protect neuronal cells from cell death in AD.
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