Journal
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 121-131Publisher
IOS PRESS
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2009-0944
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; amyloid-beta; apolipoprotein E; ATP-binding cassette transporters; 27-hydroxycholesterol; primary human neurons
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Funding
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [510148]
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Cholesterol is an integral component of neuronal membranes and recent evidence has shown that it regulates amyloid-beta protein precursor processing to form amyloid-beta peptides, which are a major constituent of cerebral amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27OHC) is synthesized from cholesterol via sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) in the brain and, unlike cholesterol, can cross into the brain through the blood brain barrier from the circulation. Previous studies point toward a potential role for 27OHC in the regulation of neuronal amyloid-beta peptide generation, however, this has not been investigated in primary human neurons. Here we show that 27OHC significantly reduced amyloid-beta peptide detected in cell culture supernatants from primary human neurons. We also show that 27OHC does not affect alpha-, beta- or gamma-secretase activity but does upregulate the liver X receptor (LXR) responsive genes ABCA1, ABCG1 and APOE. These data suggest that 27OHC-mediated reduction in extracellular amyloid-beta peptide levels is potentially due to its action as an LXR ligand.
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