Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 7, Issue 25, Pages 10883-10895Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02048d
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Funding
- Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing [2462014YJRC011]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51002027]
- Scientific Foundation of the Education Department of Liaoning Province [L2012084]
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiaotong University [mmckf-14-11]
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology [SYSJJ2015-10]
- Ministry of Education of Basic Scientific Research [130402001]
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Three-dimensional (3D) functional solids with programmable hierarchical micro/nanoarchitectures are critical for several fundamental applications, including structural composites, microfluidics, photonics, and tissue engineering. Due to the broad range of application possibilities, a large amount of effort has been devoted to the in-depth exploration of various top-down and bottom-up strategies to construct these complex multi-dimensional structures. In this review, we introduce and discuss selected examples of fabrication techniques which have successfully developed large area, novel 3D functional architectures with exquisite control over their morphology at the nano/subnanolevel. Emphasis is placed on the nanofabrication techniques, their salient features as well as advantages. A summary of the emerging application possibilities of such structures, especially in biomedicine, energy, and device construction, is also discussed.
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