Synthesis of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 powders through hydrothermal method

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) powders were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method using TiCl4 and Bi(NO3)(3)center dot 5H(2)O as raw materials and NaOH as mineralizer. The phase composition and particle morphology of the as-prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The derived key parameters for the powders preparation were of: NaOH concentration of 2 M or above, reaction temperature of 170 degrees C or above, and reaction time over 3 h. More importantly, nanowhiskers of NBT were obtained via increasing the concentration of NaOH or reaction temperature. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.