4.8 Article

Soft landing of bare nanoparticles with controlled size, composition, and morphology

Journal

NANOSCALE
Volume 7, Issue 8, Pages 3491-3503

Publisher

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06758d

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
  2. US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
  3. William R. Wiley postdoctoral fellowship
  4. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research

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Physical synthesis employing magnetron sputtering and gas aggregation in a modified commercial source has been coupled with size-selection and ion soft landing to prepare bare nanoparticles on surfaces with controlled coverage, size, composition, and morphology. Employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is demonstrated that the size and coverage of nanoparticles on flat and stepped surfaces may be controlled using a quadrupole mass filter and the length of deposition, respectively. AFM shows that nanoparticles bind randomly to flat surfaces when soft landed at relatively low coverage (4 x 10(4) ions mu m(-2)). On stepped surfaces at intermediate coverage (4 x 10(5) ions mu m(-2)) nanoparticles bind along step edges forming extended linear chains. At the highest coverage (2 x 10(6) ions mu m(-2)) nanoparticles form a continuous film on flat surfaces. On one surface with sizable defects, the presence of localized imperfections results in agglomeration of nanoparticles onto these features and formation of neighboring zones devoid of particles. Employing high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) the customized magnetron sputtering/gas aggregation source is demonstrated to produce bare single metal particles with controlled morphology as well as bimetallic alloy nanoparticles with defined core-shell structures of that are of interest to catalysis.

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