Journal
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 134, Issue 6, Pages 1301-+Publisher
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.059
Keywords
Atopy; Gammaproteobacteria; Acinetobacter species; PBMC; anti-inflammatory gene expression; dendritic cells; keratinocytes; mouse asthma model
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Funding
- Academy of Finland [138695, 255350, 121025, 251170]
- European Research Council [239784]
- Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) [8361]
- European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7 [261366, 261357]
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [255350, 121025, 138695, 138695, 255350, 121025] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
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Background: The human commensal microbiota interacts in a complex manner with the immune system, and the outcome of these interactions might depend on the immune status of the subject. Objective: Previous studies have suggested a strong allergy-protective effect for Gammaproteobacteria. Here we analyze the skin microbiota, allergic sensitization (atopy), and immune function in a cohort of adolescents, as well as the influence of Acinetobacter species on immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The skin microbiota of the study subjects was identified by using 16S rRNA sequencing. PBMCs were analyzed for baseline and allergen-stimulated mRNA expression. In in vitro assays human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and primary keratinocytes were incubated with Acinetobacter lwoffii. Finally, in in vivo experiments mice were injected intradermally with A lwoffii during the sensitization phase of the asthma protocol, followed by readout of inflammatory parameters. Results: In healthy subjects, but not in atopic ones, the relative abundance of Acinetobacter species was associated with the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules by PBMCs. Moreover, healthy subjects exhibited a robust balance between anti-inflammatory and T(H)1/T(H)2 gene expression, which was related to the composition of the skin microbiota. In cell assays and in a mouse model, Acinetobacter species induced strong T(H)1 and anti-inflammatory responses by immune cells and skin cells and protected against allergic sensitization and lung inflammation through the skin. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that skin commensals play an important role in tuning the balance of T(H)1, T(H)2, and anti-inflammatory responses to environmental allergens.
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