Journal
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 128, Issue 4, Pages 816-+Publisher
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.039
Keywords
Rhinitis; atopy; gender; pet exposure; siblings; farming lifestyle
Categories
Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
- Clifford Craig Medical Trust
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Belgian Science Policy Office
- Ministere de la Sante, Glaxo France
- Insitut Pneumologique d'Aquitaine
- Contrat de Plan Etat-Region Languedoc-Rousillon
- CNMATS
- CNMRT [90MR/10, 91AF/6]
- Ministre delegue de la sante
- RNSP, France
- GSF
- Bundesminister fur Forschung und Technologie, Bonn, Germany
- Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica
- CNR, Regione Veneto [381/05.93]
- Norwegian Research Council [101422/310]
- Dutch Ministry of Wellbeing, Public Health and Culture, Netherlands
- Ministero Sanidad y Consumo FIS [91/0016060/00E-05E, 93/0393]
- Hospital General de Albacete
- Hospital General Juan Ramon Jimenenz
- Consejeria de Sanidad Principado de Asturias, Spain
- Swedish Medical Research Council
- Swedish Heart Lung Foundation
- Swedish Association against Asthma and Allergy
- Swiss National Science Foundation [402628099]
- National Asthma Campaign
- British Lung Foundation
- Department of Health
- South Thames Regional Health Authority, United Kingdom
- United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare Public Health Service [2 S07 RR05521-28]
- Victorian Health Promotion Foundation and Allen Hanburys
- European Commission
- Albacete: Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (FIS) [97/0035-01, 99/0034-01, 99/0034-02]
- Hospital Universitario de Albacete, Consejeria de Sanidad
- Antwerp: FWO (Fund for Scientific Research)-Flanders Belgium [G.0402.00]
- University of Antwerp, Flemish Health Ministry
- Barcelona: SEPAR, Public Health Service [R01 HL62633-01]
- Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (FIS) [97/0035-01, 99/0034-01, 99/0034-02]
- CIRIT [1999SGR 00241]
- Red Respira ISCII
- Basel: Swiss National Science Foundation
- Swiss Federal Office for Education Science
- USC NIEHS Center [5P30 ES07048]
- Bergen: Norwegian Research Council,Norwegian Asthma & Allergy Association (NAAF)
- Glaxo Wellcome AS
- Norway Research Fund
- Bordeaux: Institut Pneumologique d'Aquitaine
- Erfurt: GSF-National Research Centre for Environment Health
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [FR 1526/1-1]
- Galdakao: Basque Health Department
- Goteborg: Swedish Heart Lung Foundation
- Swedish Foundation for Health Care Sciences & Allergy Research
- Swedish Asthma & Allergy Foundation
- Swedish Cancer& Allergy Foundation
- Grenoble: Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique-DRC de Grenoble [2610]
- Ministry of Health, Direction de la Recherche Clinique
- Ministere de l'Emploi et de la Solidarite
- Direction Generale de la Sante
- CHU de Grenoble
- Comite des Maladies Respiratoires de l'Isere
- Hamburg: GSF-National Research Centre for Environment Health
- Ipswich
- Norwich: AsthmaUK(formerly known as National Asthma Campaign)
- Huelva: Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (FIS) [97/0035-01, 99/0034-01, 99/0034-02]
- Montpellier: Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique-DRC de Grenoble [2610]
- Direction Generale de la Sante, Aventis (France)
- Direction Regionale des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales Languedoc-Roussillon
- Oviedo: Fondo de Investigaciones Santarias (FIS) [97/0035-01, 99/0034-01, 99/0034-02]
- Paris: Ministere de l'Emploi et de la Solidarite
- UCB-Pharma (France)
- Aventis (France)
- Glaxo France
- Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique-DRC de Grenoble [2610]
- Pavia: Glaxo-SmithKline Italy
- Italian Ministry of University and Scientific and Technological Research (MURST)
- Local University
- Portland: American Lung Association of Oregon
- Northwest Health Foundation
- Collins Foundation
- Merck Pharmaceutical
- Reykjavik: Icelandic Research Council
- Icelandic University Hospital
- Tartu: Estonian Science Foundation
- Turin: ASL 4 Regione Piemonte (Italy)
- AO CTO/ICORMA Regione Piemonte (Italy)
- Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica (Italy)
- Glaxo Wellcome spa (Verona, Italy)
- Umea: Swedish Heart Lung Foundation
- Swedish Cancer & Allergy Foundation
- Uppsala: Swedish Heart Lung Foundation
- Verona: University of Verona
- Glaxo-SmithKline Italy
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Background: Rhinitis is an increasingly common condition with a heavy health care burden, but relatively little is known about its risk factors. Objective: To examine the association between early-life factors and the development of rhinitis in the European Community Respiratory Health Study (ECRHS). Methods: In 1992-1994, community-based samples of 20-44-year-old people were recruited from 48 centers in 22 countries. On average, 8.9 years later, 28 centers reinvestigated their samples. Onset of rhinitis was reported by 8486 participants in interviewer-led questionnaires. Cox regression was used to assess independent predictors of rhinitis at ages <= 5, 6-10, 11-20, and >= 21 years. Results: The crude lifelong incidence of rhinitis was 7.00/1000/year (men) and 7.95/1000/year (women) (P = .002). Women developed less rhinitis in later childhood (hazard ratios [HR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47-0.85) and more rhinitis in adulthood (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11-1.66) than did men. In atopic subjects, siblings were associated with lower risk of rhinitis throughout life (pooled HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.98 per 1 sibling). Early contact with children in the family or day care was associated with less incidence of rhinitis, predominantly before age 5 years (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99). Early childhood pets or growing up on a farm was associated with less incidence of rhinitis in adolescence (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37-0.68). Combining these factors showed evidence of a dose-response relationship (trend P = .0001). Conclusions: Gender is a strong risk factor for rhinitis, with age patterns varying according to atopic status. Protective effects of early contact with children and animals were suggested for incident rhinitis, with risk patterns varying by age window and atopic status. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128:816-23.)
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