Journal
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 125, Issue 4, Pages 858-865Publisher
MOSBY-ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.01.016
Keywords
Human primary keratinocytes; atopic dermatitis; IL-32; apoptosis
Categories
Funding
- European Asthma and Allergy Center Davos (EACD)
- Swiss National Science Foundation [32-188226]
- Christine Kuhne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE)
- ALK-Abello
- Novartis Pharma Switzerland
- Swiss National Science Foundation and Invision
- Novartis
- Stallargenes
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Global Allergy and Asthma European Network
- Christine Kuhne Center for Allergy Research
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Background: Keratinocyte (KC) apoptosis is an important mechanism of eczema and spongiosis in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and is mediated by IFN-gamma, which is secreted by T(H)1 cells. IL-32 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in the inflammatory processes of rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Crohn disease. Recently, it was shown that upregulation of IL-32 induces apoptosis. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the expression and function of IL-32 in patients with AD. Methods: The expression of IL-32 in KCs was analyzed by means of RT-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Transfections of small interfering RNA were performed in primary KCs, and apoptosis was analyzed by means of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end-labeling, annexin-V, and 7-amino actinomycin D stainings. Immunofluorescence stainings were used to detect IL-32 in skin biopsy specimens, and serum levels of IL-32 were analyzed by means of ELISA. Results: We report that IL-32 is expressed in human primary KCs on stimulation with IFN-gamma, TNE-alpha, and T(H)1 cells in contrast to T(H)2, regulatory T (Treg), or T(H)17 cells, which showed no effect. Transfection of primary KCs and artificial skin equivalents with small interfering RNA to IL-32, which resulted in a clear decrease in IL-32 expression, significantly reduced KC apoptosis. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that IL-32 was expressed in AD lesional skin, whereas it was present in neither skin biopsy specimens from healthy donors nor in lesional skin from patients with psoriasis. Serum levels of IL-32 from patients with AD correlated with disease severity, but increased serum levels of IL-32 were also detected in asthmatic patients. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates KCs as a source of IL-32, which modulates KC apoptosis and contributes to the pathophysiology of All. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125:85865.)
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