Journal
NANOMEDICINE
Volume 10, Issue 7, Pages 1189-1201Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/NNM.14.212
Keywords
bladder cancer; nanoparticle; photodynamic diagnosis; photodynamic therapy
Funding
- VA Career Development Award-2
- VA Merit [101 BX001784]
- NCI Cancer Center
- NCI
- University of California Cancer Research Coordinating Committee
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Nanotechnology is being developed for the diagnosis and treatment of both nonmyoinvasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and invasive bladder cancer. The diagnostic applications of nanotechnology in NMIBC mainly focus on tumor identification during endoscopy to increase complete resection of bladder cancer while nanotechnology to capture malignant cells or their components continues to be developed. The therapeutic applications of nanotechnology in NMIBC are to reformulate biological and cytotoxic agents for intravesical instillation, combine both diagnostic and therapeutic application in one nanoformulation. In invasive and advanced bladder cancer, magnetic resonance imaging with supraparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can improve the sensitivity and specificity in detecting small metastasis to lymph nodes. Nanoformulation of cytotoxic agents can potentially decrease the toxicity while increasing efficacy.
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