Journal
NANOMEDICINE
Volume 10, Issue 14, Pages 2263-2288Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/NNM.15.58
Keywords
asialoglycoprotein receptor; galactosylated nanoparticles; glycolipids; glycopolymers; glycyrrhetinic acid-modified nanoparticles; liver targeting; mannosylated nanoparticles; N-acetyl galactosamine-modified nanoparticles; N-acetyl glucosamine-modified nanoparticles
Funding
- National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
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The insult to liver by toxic materials leads to cirrhosis, hepatitis and cancer. Upon administration, drugs accumulate in liver, which is systemically cleared by reticuloendothelial system. However, specific targeting of drugs to liver is a serious challenge. Specific delivery of molecules to hepatocytes is accomplished by targeting cell surface lectins, asialoglycoprotein receptors. Asialofetuin, N-acetyl glucosamine and galactose are high-affinity ligands of asialoglycoprotein receptors. The bioconjugation of drugs, fluorescent molecules and gene delivery vectors with lectin-targeting agents, and their delivery in liver hepatocytes, is discussed. Mannose and N-acetyl glucosamine conjugates are evaluated for their delivery to hepatic stellate and kupffer cells. The glycosylated gene and drug delivery vectors in clinical trials are outlined.
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