Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 15, Issue 5, Pages 3479-3486Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00820
Keywords
lithium batteries; sulfur; energy storage; lithium sulfide; cathodes; graphene oxide
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Funding
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Robert Bosch LLC through Bosch Energy Research Network Grant [16.11.BS11]
- University of California-Berkeley, Energy and Climate Research Innovation Seed Fund
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In recent years, lithium/sulfur (Li/S) cells have attracted great attention as a candidate for the next generation of rechargeable batteries due to their high theoretical specific energy of 2600 W.h kg(-1), which is much higher than that of Li ion cells (400-600, W.h kg(-1)). However, problems of the S cathode such as highly soluble intermediate species (polysulfides Li2Sn, n = 4-8) and the insulating nature of S cause poor cycle life and low utilization of S, which prevents the practical use cif Li/S cells. Here, a high-rate and long-life Li/S cell is proposed, which has a cathode material with a core shell nanostructure comprising Li2S nanospheres with an embedded graphene oxide (GO) Sheet as a core material and a conformal carbon layer as a shell. The conformal carbon coating is easily obtained by a unique CVD coating process using a lab-designed rotating furnace without any repetitive steps. The Li2S/GO@C cathode exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 650 mA.h g(-1) of Li2S (corresponding to the 942 mA.h g(-1) of S) and very low capacity decay rate of only 0.046% per cycle with a high Coulombic efficiency of up to 99.7% for 1500 cycles when cycled at the 2 C discharge rate.
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