Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages 1264-1271Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl504436m
Keywords
Chalcogenide; nanocrystals; phase transformations; conversion; reactions; displacement reactions; in situ TEM
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Funding
- National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship
- Chevron Stanford Graduate Fellowship
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering through the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory LDRD project [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- U.S. Department of Energy under the BATT Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231, 6951379]
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Inorganic nanocrystals have attracted widespread attention both for their size-dependent properties and for their potential use as building blocks in an array of applications. A complete understanding of chemical transformations in nanocrystals is important for controlling structure, composition, and electronic properties. Here, we utilize in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to study structural and morphological transformations in individual sulfide nanocrystals (copper sulfide, iron sulfide, and cobalt sulfide) as they react with lithium. The experiments reveal the influence of structure and composition on the transformation pathway (conversion versus displacement reactions), and they provide a high-resolution view of the unique displacement reaction mechanism in copper sulfide in which copper metal is extruded from the crystal. The structural similarity between the initial and final phases, as well as the mobility of ions within the crystal, are seen to exert a controlling influence on the reaction pathway.
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