Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 66, Issue 40, Pages 10362-10368Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02584
Keywords
dicationic ionic liquids; 2,4-D; volatility; herbicidal activity; safety
Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFD0200301]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31672067]
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Due to high volatility and water solubility, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) can easily enter into the atmosphere and water bodies by volatilization, drift, leaching, or runoff, which results in potential threats to the environment and human health. The physicochemical properties of pesticides can be regulated by preparing their ionic liquids. In this work, a series of dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) of 2,4-D were prepared to reduce its environmental risk and enhance herbicidal activity. The solubility, octanol-water partition coefficient, surface tension, and volatilization rate results of DILs showed that these properties could be optimized by choosing appropriate countercations. Compared to 2,4-D ammonium salt, DILs have lower volatility, water solubility, and surface tension as well as higher lipophilicity. Benefiting from optimized physicochemical properties, DILs HIL8-12 exhibited better herbicidal activity against three typical broadleaf weeds than 2,4-D ammonium salt, and their fresh weight inhibition rates increased by 2.74-46.84%. The safety assessment experiment indicated that DILs were safer to wheat than commercialized forms of 2,4-D. The DILs could reduce the environmental risk of 2,4-D caused by high volatility and water solubility and would be potential alternatives to its commercialized formulations.
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