Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 60, Issue 49, Pages 12074-12081Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jf303584r
Keywords
bactericides; fire blight control; naphthoquinones; pesticide development; plant quinones
Funding
- Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (DaFNE Project) [100404]
- Austria Wirtschaftsservice (aws) [Z100355]
- Verein zur Forderung der Pflanzenwissenschaften
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A screening of plant quinones for inhibiting effects on the bacterial fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora was performed. The most active compound, juglone from walnuts, has a potent and specific bactericidal effect on E. amylovora and minimal inhibitory concentrations of only 2.5-10 mu M, with stronger effects at lower, but still physiological, pH values. In vitro tests with juglone and inoculated flowers of apple (Malus domestica) showed an efficacy of 67% in preventing infection. In two years of field tests juglone had variable degrees of efficacy ranging from 40 to 82%, seemingly due to environmental conditions. A phytotoxic reaction to juglone, which is known for its allelopathic effect on plants, was restricted to browning of petals; later fruit russeting was not observed. Juglone is a promising candidate for the development of a new environmentally friendly plant protectant to replace the antibiotic streptomycin currently used in fire blight control.
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