Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH, VOL 36
Volume 36, Issue -, Pages 417-440Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122838
Keywords
cardiovascular disease; health disparities; race; ethnicity
Categories
Funding
- NCATS NIH HHS [UL1 TR001102-08, TL1 TR001101, UL1 TR001102] Funding Source: Medline
- NCI NIH HHS [1U54CA155626-01, U54 CA155626] Funding Source: Medline
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Optimal sleep is integral to health but is commonly not obtained. Despite its wide-ranging public health impact, sleep health is considered only rarely by policy makers, employers, schools, and others whose policies and structures can adversely affect sleep. An inadequate duration of sleep and poor-quality sleep are prevalent in minority and low-income populations, and may be fundamental to racial and socioeconomic status inequities that contribute to a range of health conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review examines the relationship between sleep and disparities in CVD. We describe the public health importance of sleep and the role of sleep duration, as well as the two most common disorders (sleep apnea and insomnia) as risk factors for a number of chronic diseases. We use a multilevel model focused on population health and health disparities, which is based on the notion that individual behaviors, such as sleep, are influenced by complex and dynamic interrelations among individuals and their physical and social environments. We also describe modifiable factors that contribute to insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment, propose potential interventions in various sectors (e.g., neighborhoods, schools, workplaces) that can address social structures that contribute to disparities, and recommend areas for future research. Integrating sleep into public health research will identify novel approaches for closing gaps in health disparities.
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