Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH, VOL 36
Volume 36, Issue -, Pages 69-88Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122403
Keywords
history; occurrence measures; effect measures; confounding; bias; interaction; causal inference
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Funding
- NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE [G13LM010884] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Before World War II, epidemiology was a small discipline, practiced by a handful of people working mostly in the United Kingdom and in the United States. Today it is practiced by tens of thousands of people on all continents. Between 1945 and 1965, during what is known as its classical phase, epidemiology became recognized as a major academic discipline in medicine and public health. On the basis of a review of the historical evidence, this article examines to which extent classical epidemiology has been a golden age of an action-driven, problem-solving science, in which epidemiologists were less concerned with the sophistication of their methods than with the societal consequences of their work. It also discusses whether the paucity of methods stymied or boosted classical epidemiology's ability to convince political and financial agencies about the need to intervene in order to improve the health of the people.
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