Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 58, Issue 4, Pages 2410-2418Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jf9037248
Keywords
Aphid saliva; polyphenol oxidase (PPO); wheat; induced resistance mechanism
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB102004]
- National Key Technologies RD Program [2006BAD08A05]
- National Scientific and Technological Engineering for Foodstuff Fertility [2006BAD02A16]
- Inter-University Targeted Project between Belgium and China
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The saliva of two cereal aphids, Sitobion avenae and Schizaphis graminum in third-instar nymphs, was collected after 24 h of feeding by 30 aphids, separately, on artificial diet sachets, and the salivary enzymes were determined. The result showed that polyphenol oxidase (PPO) existed in the saliva of both aphid species, and the enzymatic activities were 6.2 x 10(-3) U/g for S. avenae and 2.37 x 10(-1) U/g for S. graminum, revealing a 38-fold higher activity in the saliva of S. graminum than in the saliva of S. avenae. It was speculated that the higher PPO activity in S. graminum saliva was a contributing factor to the light yellow spot left on the feeding site of the wheat leaf by S. graminum; no such spot was left by S. avenae. After treatment of a wheat seedling with the saliva of S. avenae and S. graminum and PPO at the concentration of aphid saliva, transcript profiling data showed that aphid saliva and PPO significantly induced expression of the genes aos and fps. Because genes aos and fps encode the key enzymes in the defense signal pathways jasmonic acid and terpene signal pathways, respectively, it was deduced that PPO from aphid saliva, as the main elicitor, triggers an appropriate defense response in wheat through jasmonic acid and terpene signal pathways.
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