Reliability and validity of the beck depression inventory-fast screen for medical patients in the general German population

Background: The Beck Depression Inventory Fast Screen (BDI-ES) is a self report instrument for the detection of depression in youths and adults It measures the severity of the depression, corresponding to the non-somatic criteria for the diagnosis of a major depression according to DSM-5. Until now the psychometric properties of the instrument have not been studied in the general population. Methods: In 2012, a survey representative for the Federal Republic of Germany was conducted. In addition to the BDI-FS, further self-rating questionnaires as well as a demographic questionnaire were ad ministered. Results: Altogether, 4480 people were surveyed with a return rate of 56.1% (N=2467 persons). Approximately 53% of those surveyed were women. The average age was 49.4 years (SD=18.0), with a range of 14-91 years. For the BDI-FS total-scores, a coefficient alpha of .84 was determined (women: alpha=.83; men: alpha=.85). In addition, a convergent validity (r=.67) was determined with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The discriminant validity of the BDI-FS can be classified as satisfactory. Based on a confirmatory factor analysis, the one-dimensionality of the BDI-ES could be confirmed, achieving very good fit indices (total sample: RMSEA=.058, CFI=.990, TLI=.986). An additional invariance analysis regarding gender, different age groups and their interaction resulted in strict invariance for the different multi-group analyses. Limitations: Studies regarding stability have yet to be undertaken. A standard diagnostic interview for depression was not included. Conclusion: The results support the reliability and validity of the BDI-FS for use with the general German population. Although in the present studies the BDI-FS was superior to the PHQ-9 in terms of its ability to discriminate between depressive and somatic symptoms, in future investigations the diagnostic efficiency of the BDI-FS should be compared with this and other depression inventories (e.g., PHQT2, PHQ-8, and CES-D). (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.