4.5 Review Book Chapter

Hypothalamic Inflammation in the Control of Metabolic Function

Journal

ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY, VOL 77
Volume 77, Issue -, Pages 131-160

Publisher

ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021014-071656

Keywords

fatty acids; microglia; astrocytes; leptin; cytokines

Categories

Funding

  1. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [K08DK080174] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  2. NIDDK NIH HHS [5K08DK080174] Funding Source: Medline

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Diet-induced obesity leads to devastating and common chronic diseases, fueling ongoing interest in determining new mechanisms underlying both obesity and its consequences. It is now well known that chronic overnutrition produces a unique form of inflammation in peripheral insulin target tissues, and efforts to limit this inflammation have met with some success in preserving insulin sensitivity in obese individuals. Recently, the activation of inflammatory pathways by dietary excess has also been observed among cells located in the mediobasal hypothalamus, a brain area that exerts central control over peripheral glucose, fat, and energy metabolism. Here we review progress in the field of diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation, drawing key distinctions between metabolic inflammation in the hypothalamus and that occurring in peripheral tissues. We focus on specific stimuli of the inflammatory response, the roles of individual hypothalamic cell types, and the links between hypothalamic inflammation and metabolic function under normal and pathophysiological circumstances. Finally, we explore the concept of controlling hypothalamic inflammation to mitigate metabolic disease.

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