Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 55
Volume 55, Issue -, Pages 89-+Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124835
Keywords
pharmacogenomics; precision medicine; individualized medicine; personalized medicine; clinical decision support; prediction in pharmacology
Categories
Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA021765, CA21765] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [U01HL105918] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R24 GM61374, U19GM61388, U01GM92666, U01 GM092666, R24 GM061374, U19 GM061388] Funding Source: Medline
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Although the field of pharmacogenetics has existed for decades, practioners have been slow to implement pharmacogenetic testing in clinical care. Numerous publications describe the barriers to clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics. Recently, several freely available resources have been developed to help address these barriers. In this review, we discuss current programs that use preemptive genotyping to optimize the pharmacotherapy of patients. Array-based preemptive testing includes a large number of relevant pharmacogenes that impact multiple high-risk drugs. Using a preemptive approach allows genotyping results to be available prior to any prescribing decision so that genomic variation may be considered as an inherent patient characteristic in the planning of therapy. This review describes the common elements among programs that have implemented preemptive genotyping and highlights key processes for implementation, including clinical decision support.
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