Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 69
Volume 69, Issue -, Pages 445-461Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104115
Keywords
gut microbiota; Clostridium difficile; antibiotics; colonization resistance; bacterial metabolism; bile acids
Categories
Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [U19AI090871, U19 AI090871] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [5P30 DK034933, P30 DK034933] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [K01 GM109236, K01GM109236] Funding Source: Medline
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [U19AI090871] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [P30DK034933] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [K01GM109236] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Antibiotics have significant and long-lasting effects on the intestinal microbiota and consequently reduce colonization resistance against pathogens, including Clostridium difficile. By altering the community structure of the gut microbiome. antibiotics alter the intestinal metabolome, which includes both host- and microbe-derived metabolites. The mechanisms by which antibiotics reduce colonization resistance against C. difficile are unknown yet important for development of preventative and therapeutic approaches against this pathogen. This review focuses on how antibiotics alter the structure of the gut microbiota and how this alters microbial metabolism in the intestine. Interactions between gut microbial products and C. difficile spore germination, growth, and toxin production are discussed. New bacterial therapies to restore changes in bacteria-driven intestinal metabolism following antibiotics will have important applications for treatment and prevention of C. difficile infection.
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