Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 45
Volume 45, Issue -, Pages 459-490Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-matsci-070214-021113
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Funding
- National Science Foundation's International Research Fellowship Program [OISE-1201915]
- European Research Council's Marie Curie International Incoming Felloship [300091]
- United Kingdom's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Centre for Doctoral Training in Plastic Electronics Materials [EP/G037515/1]
- European Research Council Starting Independent Researcher Fellowhsip [279587]
- EPSRC [EP/J021199/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/J021199/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- European Research Council (ERC) [279587] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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The structure of organic semiconductors can be complex because features from the molecular level (such as molecular conformation) to the micrometer scale (such as the volume fraction and composition of phases, phase distribution, and domain size) contribute to the definition of the optoelectronic landscape of the final architectures and, hence, to device performance. As a consequence, a detailed understanding of how to manipulate molecular ordering, e.g., through knowledge of relevant phase transitions, of the solidification process, of relevant solidification mechanisms, and of kinetic factors, is required to induce the desired optoelectronic response. In this review, we discuss relevant structural features of single-component and multicomponent systems; provide a case study of the multifaceted structure that polymer:fullerene systems can adopt; and highlight relevant solidification mechanisms such as nucleation and growth, liquid-liquid phase separation, and spinodal decomposition. In addition, cocrystal formation, solid solutions, and eutectic systems are treated and their relevance within the optoelectronic area emphasized.
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