Cowpox infection transmitted from a domestic cat

A 21-year-old immunocompetent woman developed a cowpox infection, while working as a veterinarian's assistant in a rural area. She had never received vaccinia immunization and came in contact with a fatally-infected house cat. Under symptomatic treatment, the infection remained localized to one cheek and cleared over 3 weeks with substantial dermal-subcutaneous tissue destruction. Orthopoxvirus detection by PCR is a modern diagnostic standard, in addition to identification by negative-contrast electron microscopy. A promising therapeutic option is ciclofovir, but this virostatic drug is not yet approved for the treatment of cowpox.