4.7 Article

The MassiveBlack-II simulation: the evolution of haloes and galaxies to z ∼ 0

Journal

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 450, Issue 2, Pages 1349-1374

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv627

Keywords

methods: numerical; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; quasars: general; cosmology: theory; large-scale structure of Universe

Funding

  1. National Science Foundation (NSF) PetaApps programme [OCI-0749212]
  2. NSF [AST-1009781]
  3. National Institute of Science Education and Research, India
  4. Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
  5. STFC [ST/L000652/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  6. Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/L000652/1] Funding Source: researchfish
  7. Division Of Astronomical Sciences
  8. Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1009781] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
  9. Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure (OAC)
  10. Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [0749212] Funding Source: National Science Foundation

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We investigate the properties of haloes, galaxies and black holes to z = 0 in the high-resolution hydrodynamical simulation MassiveBlack-II (MBII) which evolves a Lambda cold dark matter cosmology in a comoving volume V-box = (100 Mpc h(-1))(3). MBII is the highest resolution simulation of this size which includes a self-consistent model for star formation, black hole accretion and associated feedback. We provide a simulation browser web application which enables interactive search and tagging of the MBII data set and publicly release our galaxy catalogues. We find that baryons affect strongly the halo mass function (MF), with 20-33 per cent change in the halo abundance below the knee of the MF (M-halo < 10(13.2) M-circle dot h(-1) at z = 0) when compared to dark-matter-only simulations. We provide a fitting function for the halo MF out to redshift z = 11 and discuss its limitations. We study the halo occupation distribution and clustering of galaxies, in particular the evolution and scale dependence of stochasticity and bias finding reasonable agreement with observational data. The shape of the cosmic spectral energy distribution of galaxies in MBII is consistent with observations, but lower in amplitude. The Galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) function is broadly consistent with observations at z >= 2. At z < 2, the population of passive low-mass (M-* < 10(9) M-circle dot) galaxies in MBII makes the GSMF too steep compared to observations whereas at the high-mass end (M-* > 10(11) M-circle dot) galaxies hosting bright AGNs make significant contributions to the GSMF. The quasar bolometric luminosity function is also largely consistent with observations. We note however that more efficient AGN feedback is necessary for the largest, rarest objects/clusters at low redshifts.

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