Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 449, Issue 3, Pages 2883-2900Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv372
Keywords
galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: starburst; infrared: galaxies; submillimetre: galaxies
Categories
Funding
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Commonwealth of Australia
- US National Science Foundation [AST-1312950]
- National Science Foundation [PLR-1248097]
- NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-1125897]
- Kavli Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF 947]
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/I005544/1, ST/J50094X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- STFC [ST/I005544/1, ST/M001172/1, ST/J50094X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [1312950] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1125897] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP)
- Directorate For Geosciences [1248097] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We present [C II] observations of 20 strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxies at 2.1 < z < 5.7 using Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment and Herschel. The sources were selected on their 1.4 mm flux (S-1.4mm > 20 mJy) from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey, with far-infrared (FIR) luminosities determined from extensive photometric data. The [CII] line is robustly detected in 17 sources, all but one being spectrally resolved. 11 out of 20 sources observed in [C II] also have low-J CO detections from Australia Telescope Compact Array. A comparison with mid-and high-J CO lines from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array reveals consistent [C II] and CO velocity profiles, suggesting that there is little differential lensing between these species. The [C II], low-J CO and FIR data allow us to constrain the properties of the interstellar medium. We find [C II] to CO(1-0) luminosity ratios in the SPT sample of 5200 +/- 1800, with significantly less scatter than in other samples. This line ratio can be best described by a medium of [C II] and CO emitting gas with a higher [C II] than CO excitation temperature, high CO optical depth tau(CO)(1-0) >> 1, and low to moderate [CII] optical depth tau[C II] less than or similar to 1. The geometric structure of photodissociation regions allows for such conditions.
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