Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, VOL 31
Volume 31, Issue -, Pages 429-451Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125514
Keywords
transposable element; retrotransposon; endogen OUS retrovirus; endovirome; KRAB-ZEP; KAP1
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Transposable elements (TEs) account for at least 50% of the human genome. They constitute essential motors of evolution through their ability to modify genomic architecture, mutate genes and regulate gene expression. Accordingly, TEs are subject to tight epigenetic control during the earliest phases of embryonic development via histonc and 1)NA methylation. Key to this process is recognition by sequence-specific RNA- and protein-based repressors. Collectively, these mediators are responsible for silencing a very broad range of TEs in an evolutionarily dynamic fashion. Asa consequence, mobile elements and their controllers exert a marked influence on transcriptional networks in embryonic stem cells and a variety of adult tissues. The emerging picture is not that of a simple arms race but rather of a massive and sophisticated enterprise of TE domesticarion for the evolutionary benefit of the host.
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