Antiangiogenic properties of fasudil, a potent Rho-Kinase inhibitor

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) plays a pivotal role in pathological angiogenesis. In this study, we addressed the therapeutic potential of fasudil, a potent Rho-kinase inhibitor, for VEGF-elicited angiogenesis and also for the intracellular signalings induced by VEGF. Methods: In vitro, the inhibitory effects of fasudil on the VEGF-dependent VEGF receptor 2 (VEFGR2 or KDR), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/ 2, Akt and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, as well as on the migration and proliferation of bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells (BRECs) were analyzed with Western blotting, [(3)H]-thymidine uptake, and modified Boyden chamber assay. VEGF-elicited in vivo angiogenesis was analyzed with a mouse corneal micropocket assay coembedded with or without fasudil. Results: VEGF caused enhanced MLC phosphorylation of BRECs, which was almost completely attenuated by 10 mu M fasudil. VEGF-dependent phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt were also partially but significantly attenuated by treatment with fasudil without affecting VEGFR2 ( KDR) phosphorylation. Moreover, both VEGF-induced [(3)H]-thymidine uptake and the migration of BRECs were significantly inhibited in the presence of fasudil. Finally, VEGF-elicited angiogenesis in the corneal micropocket assay was potently attenuated by coembedding with fasudil ( P < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings indicate that fasudil might have a therapeutic potential for ocular angiogenic diseases. The antiangiogenic effect of fasudil appears to be mediated through the blockade not only of Rho-kinase signaling but also of ERK and Akt signaling.