Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 450, Issue 3, Pages 3239-3253Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv879
Keywords
methods: numerical; dark matter; large-scale structure of Universe
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Funding
- STFC [ST/K00090/1]
- New Frontiers in Astronomy and Cosmology grant from the Sir John Templeton Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- STFC [ST/K00090X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/K00090X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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We study the nature of voids defined as single-stream regions that have not undergone shell-crossing. We use origami to determine the cosmic web morphology of each dark matter particle in a suite of cosmological N-body simulations, which explicitly calculates whether a particle has crossed paths with others along multiple sets of axes and does not depend on a parameter or smoothing scale. The theoretical picture of voids is that of expanding underdensities with borders defined by shell-crossing. We find instead that locally underdense single-stream regions are not bounded on all sides by multi-stream regions, thus they percolate, filling the simulation volume; we show that the set of multi-stream particles also percolates. This percolation persists to high resolution, where the mass fraction of single-stream voids is low, because the volume fraction remains high; we speculate on the fraction of collapsed mass in the continuum limit of infinite resolution. By introducing a volume threshold parameter to define underdense void 'cores', we create a catalogue of origami voids which consist entirely of single-stream particles and measure their percolation properties, volume functions, and average densities.
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