Journal
MOLECULES AND CELLS
Volume 38, Issue 6, Pages 475-481Publisher
KOREAN SOC MOLECULAR & CELLULAR BIOLOGY
DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0103
Keywords
Cas9; CRISPR; genome editing; off-target; TALEN; ZFN
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Funding
- IBS [IBS-R021-D1]
- Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, Republic of Korea [IBS-R021-D1-2015-A00] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Programmable nucleases, which include zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and RNA-guided engineered nucleases (RGENs) repurposed from the type II clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system are now widely used for genome editing in higher eukaryotic cells and whole organisms, revolutionising almost every discipline in biological research, medicine, and biotechnology. All of these nucleases, however, induce off-target mutations at sites homologous in sequence with on-target sites, limiting their utility in many applications including gene or cell therapy. In this review, we compare methods for detecting nuclease off-target mutations. We also review methods for profiling genome-wide off-target effects and discuss how to reduce or avoid off-target mutations.
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