Long-Term Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention The HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Trial

Objectives This study sought to investigate the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with different antithrombotic strategies. Background CKD is associated with increased risk of adverse ischemic and hemorrhagic events after primary PCI for STEMI. Methods HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes With Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial was a multicenter, international, randomized trial comparing bivalirudin monotherapy or heparin plus a glycoprotein Ilb/Illa inhibitor (GPI) during primary PCI in STEMI. CKD, defined as creatinine clearance <60 ml/min, was present at baseline in 554 of 3,397 patients (16.3%). Patients were followed for 3 years. Net adverse cardiac event (NACE) was defined as the composite of death, reinfarction, ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization (TVR), stroke or noncoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)-related major bleeding. Results Patients with CKD compared with patients without had higher rates of NACE (41.4% vs. 23.8%, p < 0.0001), death (18.7% vs. 4.4%, p < 0.0001), and major bleeding (19.3% vs. 6.7%, p < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis identified baseline creatinine as an independent predictor of death at 3 years (hazard ratio: 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.21 to 1.87, p < 0.001). Patients with CKD randomized to bivalirudin monotherapy versus heparin plus GPI had no significant difference in major bleeding (19.0% vs. 19.6%, p = 0.72) or death (19.0% vs. 18.4%, p = 0.88) at 3 years. In patients with CKD, there was no difference in the rates of TVR in bare-metal stents (BMS) versus drug-eluting stents (DES) at 3 years (14.1% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.8). Conclusions STEMI patients with CKD have significantly higher rates of death and major bleeding compared with those without CKD. In patients with CKD, there appears to be no benefit of bivalirudin compared with heparin + GPI, or DES versus BMS during primary PCI in improving clinical outcomes. (J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2011;4:1011-9) (C) 2011 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation