Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 20, Issue 5, Pages 8730-8741Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058730
Keywords
Morus alba; melanogenesis; optimization; tyrosinase; melanin; phenolic content
Funding
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea [2010-0025054]
- Medical Research Center program through the National Research Foundation of Korea [2008-0062275]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2010-0025054] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Melanin is a natural pigment that plays an important role in the protection of skin, however, hyperpigmentation cause by excessive levels of melatonin is associated with several problems. Therefore, melanogenesis inhibitory natural products have been developed by the cosmetic industry as skin medications. The leaves of Morus alba (Moraceae) have been reported to inhibit melanogenesis, therefore, characterization of the melanogenesis inhibitory constituents of M. alba leaves was attempted in this study. Twenty compounds including eight benzofurans, 10 flavonoids, one stilbenoid and one chalcone were isolated from M. alba leaves and these phenolic constituents were shown to significantly inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B6F10 melanoma cells. To maximize the melanogenesis inhibitory activity and active phenolic contents, optimized M. alba leave extraction conditions were predicted using response surface methodology as a methanol concentration of 85.2%; an extraction temperature of 53.2 degrees C and an extraction time of 2 h. The tyrosinase inhibition and total phenolic content under optimal conditions were found to be 74.8% inhibition and 24.8 g GAE/mg extract, which were well-matched with the predicted values of 75.0% inhibition and 23.8 g GAE/mg extract. These results shall provide useful information about melanogenesis inhibitory constituents and optimized extracts from M. alba leaves as cosmetic therapeutics to reduce skin hyperpigmentation.
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