Journal
ISME JOURNAL
Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 309-320Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.156
Keywords
16S rRNA gene; microbiome; tunicate; ascidian; symbiont; CARD-FISH
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [IOS-0919728]
- Fogarty International Center
- National Cancer Institute
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Office of Dietary Supplements
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- Biological Sciences Directorate of the NSF
- Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [U01 TW00313]
- Gordon and Betty Moore foundation
- IMET [13-111]
- UMCES [4812]
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0917499] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The sea squirt Ciona intestinalis is a well-studied model organism in developmental biology, yet little is known about its associated bacterial community. In this study, a combination of 454 pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes, catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization and bacterial culture were used to characterize the bacteria living inside and on the exterior coating, or tunic, of C. intestinalis adults. The 454 sequencing data set demonstrated that the tunic bacterial community structure is different from that of the surrounding seawater. The observed tunic bacterial consortium contained a shared community of <10 abundant bacterial phylotypes across three individuals. Culture experiments yielded four bacterial strains that were also dominant groups in the 454 sequencing data set, including novel representatives of the classes Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria. The relatively simple bacterial community and availability of dominant community members in culture make C. intestinalis a promising system in which to investigate functional interactions between host-associated microbiota and the development of host innate immunity.
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