Journal
ISME JOURNAL
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 126-138Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.125
Keywords
deep subsurface; crystalline rock; metagenomic sequencing; metabolism; bacteria; archaea
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Funding
- Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (grant METAGENO)
- Academy of Finland [133348]
- European Regional Development Fund (grant YMLI)
- Finnish Research Program on Nuclear Waste management (grant KABIO)
- Finnish Research Program on Nuclear Waste management (grant GEOMOL)
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Microbial life in the nutrient-limited and low-permeability continental crystalline crust is abundant but remains relatively unexplored. Using high-throughput sequencing to assess the 16S rRNA gene diversity, we found diverse bacterial and archaeal communities along a 2516-m-deep drill hole in continental crystalline crust in Outokumpu, Finland. These communities varied at different sampling depths in response to prevailing lithology and hydrogeochemistry. Further analysis by shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed variable carbon and nutrient utilization strategies as well as specific functional and physiological adaptations uniquely associated with specific environmental conditions. Altogether, our results show that predominant geological and hydrogeochemical conditions, including the existence and connectivity of fracture systems and the low amounts of available energy, have a key role in controlling microbial ecology and evolution in the nutrient and energy-poor deep crustal biosphere.
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