Journal
ISME JOURNAL
Volume 4, Issue 8, Pages 1002-1019Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2010.28
Keywords
green sulfur bacterium; metagenomics; metaproteomics; cold adaptation; Antarctic meromictic lake; ecological dominance
Categories
Funding
- Australian Research Council
- Australian Antarctic Division
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
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Green sulfur bacteria (GSB) (Chlorobiaceae) are primary producers that are important in global carbon and sulfur cycling in natural environments. An almost complete genome sequence for a single, dominant GSB species ('C-Ace') was assembled from shotgun sequence data of an environmental sample taken from the O-2-H2S interface of the water column of Ace Lake, Antarctica. Approximately 34 Mb of DNA sequence data were assembled into nine scaffolds totaling 1.79 Mb, representing approximately 19-fold coverage for the C-Ace composite genome. A high level (similar to 31%) of metaproteomic coverage was achieved using matched biomass. The metaproteogenomic approach provided unique insight into the protein complement required for dominating the microbial community under cold, nutrient-limited, oxygen-limited and extremely varied annual light conditions. C-Ace shows physiological traits that promote its ability to compete very effectively with other GSB and gain dominance (for example, specific bacteriochlorophylls, mechanisms of cold adaptation) as well as a syntrophic relationship with sulfate-reducing bacteria that provides a mechanism for the exchange of sulfur compounds. As a result we are able to propose an explanation of the active biological processes promoted by cold-adapted GSB and the adaptive strategies they use to thrive under the severe physiochemical conditions prevailing in polar environments. The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 1002-1019; doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.28; published online 18 March 2010
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