Journal
MOLECULAR PLANT
Volume 8, Issue 8, Pages 1135-1152Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.03.003
Keywords
circadian clock; PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORs; GIGANTEA; evening complex genes; quantitative trait loci; flowering time
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Funding
- United States Department of Agriculture [5335-21000-026-0D]
- National Science Foundation [IOS1238048]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems [1238048] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Circadian clocks are endogenous timers that enable plants to synchronize biological processes with daily and seasonal environmental conditions in order to allocate resources during the most beneficial times of day and year. The circadian clock regulates a number of central plant activities, including growth, development, and reproduction, primarily through controlling a substantial proportion of transcriptional activity and protein function. This review examines the roles that alleles of circadian clock genes have played in domestication and improvement of crop plants. The focus here is on three groups of circadian clock genes essential to clock function in Arabidopsis thaliana: PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORs, GIGANTEA, and the evening complex genes EARLY FLOWERING 3, EARLY FLOWERING 4, and LUX ARRHYTHMO. Homologous genes from each group underlie quantitative trait loci that have beneficial influences on key agricultural traits, especially flowering time but also yield, biomass, and biennial growth habit. Emerging insights into circadian clock regulation of other fundamental plant processes, including responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, are discussed to highlight promising avenues for further crop improvement.
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