A simple 1D sensor model to account for deterministic thermocouple errors (bias) in the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem

This article demonstrates the deterministic errors in thermocouple measurements, or bias, through numerical simulation and illustrates the impact of these erroneous measurements on inverse heat conduction problem solutions. No experimental data are considered in this article. The case of molten metal solidifying through cooling in a sand mold is simulated to demonstrate the measurement bias effect. Temperature histories from these simulations are used to demonstrate the effect of biased data on the solution of the inverse problem. A simple one-dimensional (1D) sensor wire model suitable for integration into a numerical solver to account for temperature measurement bias is presented. The importance of the coupling between the wire and the surrounding domain is illustrated by an example.