Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of non-adiabatic electronic dynamics in gas and liquid phases

Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of non-adiabatic processes in isolated molecules in molecular beams and aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures is discussed. In the former, time-energy mapping of photoelectron kinetic energy and angular distributions is performed with 22 fs time-resolution by photoelectron imaging using a multicolour filamentation light source. The S-2-S-1 internal conversion dynamics in pyrazine, benzene and toluene mediated by conical intersections and deactivation of furan from the Rydberg and valence states are discussed. In the latter, a liquid beam photoelectron spectrometer (hemispherical or time-of-flight) is coupled with a sub-MHz non-collinear optical parametric amplifier. Additionally, charge-transfer-to-solvent reactions from I- to polar protic solvents are observed, and the vertical electron binding energies of solvated electrons in bulk solutions are determined.