Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
Volume 16, Issue 10, Pages 1354-1357Publisher
INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D)
DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0174
Keywords
HIV; tuberculosis; screening; diagnosis; Africa; sputum induction; antiretroviral
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Funding
- Wellcome Trust, London, UK
- National Institutes of Health [RO1 A1058736-01A1, 5UO1A1069519-02]
- United States Agency for International Development [3UO1A1069924-O2S]
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Adults (n = 602) enrolling in a South African antiretroviral treatment clinic underwent culture-based screening for tuberculosis (TB), regardless of symptoms. For those unable to spontaneously expectorate a 'spot' sample (n = 124), sputum induction with nebulised hypertonic saline was used to obtain a first sample and also to rapidly obtain a second sample from all patients. Collection of both samples typically took 10-15 min. The prevalence of culture-positive TB was 15.6% (95%CI 12.8-18.8). Spontaneously expectorated spot samples yielded 79.8% of all culture-positive TB diagnoses. The incremental yield from those needing an induced first sample was 5.3% and the yield from induced second samples was 14.9%.
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